{"id":13721,"date":"2018-09-02T12:48:43","date_gmt":"2018-09-02T02:48:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/?p=13721"},"modified":"2018-09-03T11:40:46","modified_gmt":"2018-09-03T01:40:46","slug":"last-call-on-climate-evidence-for-a-demise-of-the-planetary-life-support-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/?p=13721","title":{"rendered":"Last call on climate &#8211; evidence for a demise of the planetary life support system."},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><strong>Andrew Glikson.<\/strong><\/h1>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13763\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13763\" style=\"width: 340px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/?attachment_id=13763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-13763\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-13763 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/photo-desk-in-sea.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"340\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/photo-desk-in-sea.jpg 340w, https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/photo-desk-in-sea-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13763\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">MK_KV7140. Presidency Maldives. flickr cc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In a key paper titled<strong> \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/early\/2018\/07\/31\/1810141115\">T<em>rajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene<\/em><\/a>&#8220;<\/strong>, published in the Proceedings of the US National Academy of Science on 6 August, a group of 17 climate and environment scientists issued a stern warning to humanity about the future of advanced life on Earth.<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The paper states:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">We explore the risk that self-reinforcing feedbacks could push the Earth System toward a planetary threshold that, if crossed, could prevent stabilisation of the climate at intermediate temperature rises and cause continued warming on a &#8216;Hothouse Earth&#8217; pathway even as human emissions are reduced. Crossing the threshold would lead to a much higher global average temperature than any interglacial in the past 1.2 million years and to sea levels significantly higher than at any time in the Holocene.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">We examine the evidence that such a threshold might exist and where it might be. If the threshold is crossed, the resulting trajectory would likely cause serious disruptions to ecosystems, society, and economies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Collective human action is required to steer the Earth System away from a potential threshold and stabilise it in a habitable interglacial-like state.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Such action entails stewardship of the entire Earth System\u2014biosphere, climate, and societies\u2014and could include de-carbonisation of the global economy, enhancement of biosphere carbon sinks, behavioural changes, technological innovations, new governance arrangements, and transformed social values.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">In addition, an essential requirement for down-draw of atmospheric CO<sub>2<\/sub> is needed if the other methods prove to be insufficient.<\/p>\n<p>Key points <a href=\"http:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2018-08-07\/climate-heading-for-tipping-point-and-risk-of-hothouse-earth\/10080274\">reported on the ABC<\/a> by Elise Pianegonda\u00a0on 7 August:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The study found the climate is heading for a tipping point that could make the planet uninhabitable.<\/li>\n<li>It could cause temperatures up to 5<sup>o<\/sup>C higher than pre-industrial averages<\/li>\n<li>Current global efforts to curb emissions are \u201cunlikely\u201d to prevent the dangerous situation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u201cIt found the Earth was heading for a tipping point, known as a \u2018hothouse\u2019 climate, which could lead to average temperatures up to 5<sup>o<\/sup>C higher than pre-industrial temperatures and rises in sea\u00a0level of between 10 and 60 meters. Lead researcher Professor Will Steffen from the Australian National University (ANU) said at that point much of the earth would be uninhabitable.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">He explained that if human emissions raised global temperatures to 2<sup>o<\/sup>C above pre-industrial temperatures it could trigger earth system processes, or feedbacks, that could then cause further\u00a0warming. \u201c<em>The real concern is these tipping elements can act like a row of dominoes<\/em>,\u201d Professor Steffen said. \u201cOnce one is pushed over, it pushes Earth towards another.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cProfessor Steffen said global average temperatures were currently just over 1<sup>o<\/sup>C above pre-industrial temperatures and rising at 0.17C each decade.\u201d Current efforts \u2018\u201dunlikely\u201d to help avoid this tipping point.<\/p>\n<p>However, according to the <a href=\"http:\/\/berkeleyearth.org\/summary-of-findings\/\">Berkeley Earth Institute <\/a> global temperature rise over the continents has reached about 1.5<sup>o<\/sup>C.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Feedback mechanisms could be uncontrollable<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/?attachment_id=13764\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-13764\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13764\" src=\"http:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/photo-climate-dashboard.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"501\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/photo-climate-dashboard.jpg 340w, https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/photo-climate-dashboard-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/photo-climate-dashboard-60x45.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/photo-climate-dashboard-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/photo-climate-dashboard-269x201.jpg 269w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<h3>\u201cThe authors of the study examined 10 feedback processes, some of which could cause \u2018the uncontrollable release\u2019 of carbon back into the atmosphere, after it had been stored in the earth.<\/h3>\n<p>\u201cSome of the processes also included permafrost thaw, Amazon rainforest dieback, a reduction of northern hemisphere snow cover, a loss of Arctic summer sea ice, and a reduction of Antarctic sea ice and polar ice sheets.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe study did not lay down a time frame for when such events would begin to occur, but theorised\u2014if the threshold was crossed\u2014it could be within a century or two.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The time frame may be shorter in view of the extreme rise in the rate of atmospheric greenhouse gases, including CO<sub>2<\/sub> and methane.<\/p>\n<p>These observations are consistent with those of Professor <a href=\"https:\/\/intpolicydigest.org\/2018\/01\/03\/the-criminal-dimension-of-climate-change\/\">James Hansen<\/a>, NASA\u2019s former chief climate scientist, who stated (2012): \u201cBurning all fossil fuels would create a different planet than the one that humanity knows. The palaeoclimate record and ongoing climate change make it clear that the climate system would be pushed beyond tipping points, setting in motion irreversible changes, including ice sheet disintegration with a continually adjusting shoreline, extermination of a substantial fraction of species on the planet, and increasingly devastating regional climate extremes\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>These observations are also consistent with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/planet-oz\/2015\/sep\/18\/is-new-australian-prime-minister-malcolm-turnbull-already-a-climate-change-turncoat\">2010 statement<\/a> [by then Opposition Leader Malcolm Turnbull]: \u201cWe are as humans conducting a massive science experiment with this planet. It\u2019s the only planet we\u2019ve got\u2026 We know that the consequences of unchecked global warming would be catastrophic\u2026 We as a human species have a deep and abiding obligation to this planet and to the generations that will come after us\u201d. More recently <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/commentisfree\/2015\/sep\/18\/malcolm-turnbulls-faustian-pact-on-climate-change-is-heartbreaking\">he stated<\/a> \u201cthe climate has always changed\u201d, while the government is presiding over coal mining and exports amounting to more than 4 percent of global emissions.<\/p>\n<p>Homo &#8216;sapiens&#8217; is at an advanced stage of destroying the habitability of planet Earth.<\/p>\n<h4>Dr Andrew Glikson is an Earth and paleo-climate scientist.\u00a0Republished from John Menadue\u2019s blogm <a href=\"https:\/\/johnmenadue.com\/andrew-glikson-last-call-on-climate-evidence-for-a-demise-of-the-planetary-life-support-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pearls &amp; Irritations<\/em><\/a>\u00a0of 13 August 2018. The 17 scientists mentioned were Will Steffen, Johan Rockstr\u00f6m, Katherine Richardson, Timothy M Lenton, Carl Folke, Diana Liverman, Colin P Summerhayes, Anthony D Barnosky, Sarah E Cornell, Michel Crucifix, Jonathan F Donges, Ingo Fetzer, Steven J Lade, Marten Scheffer, Ricarda Winkelmann, and Hans Joachim Schellnhuber.<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"safari-extension:\/\/com.ebay.safari.myebaymanager-QYHMMGCMJR\/ede65f00\/background\/helpers\/prefilterHelper.js\"><\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"safari-extension:\/\/com.ebay.safari.myebaymanager-QYHMMGCMJR\/ede65f00\/background\/helpers\/prefilterHelper.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><script src=\"safari-extension:\/\/com.ebay.safari.myebaymanager-QYHMMGCMJR\/ede65f00\/background\/helpers\/prefilterHelper.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"safari-extension:\/\/com.ebay.safari.myebaymanager-QYHMMGCMJR\/ede65f00\/background\/helpers\/prefilterHelper.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><script src=\"safari-extension:\/\/com.ebay.safari.myebaymanager-QYHMMGCMJR\/ede65f00\/background\/helpers\/prefilterHelper.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"safari-extension:\/\/com.ebay.safari.myebaymanager-QYHMMGCMJR\/ede65f00\/background\/helpers\/prefilterHelper.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><script src=\"safari-extension:\/\/com.ebay.safari.myebaymanager-QYHMMGCMJR\/ede65f00\/background\/helpers\/prefilterHelper.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><script src=\"safari-extension:\/\/com.ebay.safari.myebaymanager-QYHMMGCMJR\/ede65f00\/background\/helpers\/prefilterHelper.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Andrew Glikson. In a key paper titled \u201cTrajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene&#8220;, published in the Proceedings of the US National Academy&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":""},"categories":[36,43],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13721"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13721"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13721\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13787,"href":"https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13721\/revisions\/13787"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}